For much of her life, she remained a committed spy. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. A six-episode series based on Mr Macintyre's book has now been released on Britain's new streaming service, ITVX. The man who controlled the "source books"the inventory of British intelligence assetswas a red-faced ex . She and her late father, the spys eldest son, John, both had to live with continuing speculation about the motivation for Philbys treachery. There was an air of vulnerability about him, a hint of loneliness, that they found irresistible. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Birthday: January 1, 1912 ( Capricorn) Born In: Ambala, Punjab, British India 1 6 Quick Facts British Celebrities Born In January Also Known As: Harold Adrian Russell Philby Died At Age: 76 Family: Spouse/Ex-: Rufina Pukhova (m. 1971), Aileen Furse, Eleanor Brewer, Litzi Friedmann father: St John Philby mother: Dora Johnston Men leave every day, its an established part of the narrative but when women leave, theyre vilified in a way that men arent. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. In the spring of 1951, Philby is 39 and working for MI6 in Washington, DC, when he learns that the Americans have discovered that Maclean, 38, who also works for the British intelligence, is a. Would the British arrest him before he could get away? 'For months and months I refused to believe that Kim Philby was a great master spy. When people, noting his name, asked, ''No relation, I hope?'' Then, at a dinner party one night, she shrieked at him: 'I know you're the Third Man!' I first went in 1950 - I remember bunking off school to go. He spoke when he believed something was truly worth saying and when he talked, the room quieted to hear him. And point-to-point journalism? Understandably, we are keenly aware of the forecast. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. My first point-to-point was the Woodland Pytchley at Dingley in 1967, which was held on a Thursday. Despite having no interest in setting the record straight for what he believed were published misconceptions about his father, knowing that I was an aspiring writer (I was a staffer at The Independent at the time of my dads death from lung cancer, in 2009), he encouraged me to write about Kims legacy as I felt fit. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. John Philby was shocked to learn from a newspaper placard of his father's defection. Frequently he would have to be carried to a taxi. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. What right was it of his to judge? And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. Tommy passed away. Since his death 10 years ago, in the Languedoc village he escaped to from London in the early 2000s, Ive been told that he was pushed off that Sunday Times job because of the associations of his name. Over in Beirut, Philby back to his old ways and again spying on behalf of both MI6 and the Russian secret service dismissed his wife as incompetent, idle and profligate. Was he the 'Third Man' who had tipped them off to flee the country? Documentary on the events behind the escape of one of Britain . Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. She reverted to her teenage habit of self-harming. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. According to his wife, he felt tortured owing to his betrayals and his failings. He replied instantly, with incredulous eyes: Of course, I suspected he was up to something. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. That was when John Philby, my father and Kims eldest son, also first heard the news. Charlotte Philby says her life has been coloured by her grandfathers actions. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. Philby burst into an embassy party to announce: 'Great news! For my first book I wanted to steer away from that, because in a way, although its his experience that sparked my interest in the murky world of espionage, what I wanted to convey is the level of emotional dishonesty involved and that you can never truly trust people around you, or expect to be trusted, in that world, she said. And the right opportunity, it was felt, was an offer of immunity from his old friend Elliott in exchange for a full confession. 50 Shades of Midlife Crisis. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. He confessed to her he worked for MI6 but made no mention of the biggest secret of all his KGB connections, past and present. They had one child. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. First man I killed was a priest. Friends remembered her asking them: 'To whom should a wife's allegiance belong her country or her husband?'. Paul Rudd. Read more of this post, Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many cameras and radars to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. But for author. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] He was paid 500 rubles a month and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. If anything, it made them enjoy the moment all the more. Would he be kidnapped or even killed? Back in Beirut, the next few years were the happiest of Eleanor's life. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[79]. But colleagues saw something different. "Five for peace, two for truce, one abstention. Eight years earlier, while foreign secretary, Macmillan had publicly cleared Kim of the Third Man claims after the exposure of his fellow Cambridge spies Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean. By "[58] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. He was of both a generation and breeding that favours a stiff upper lip. By now, on orders from his masters in Moscow, he was moving into the underbelly of the British state by following his old Cambridge friend Guy Burgess into MI6. 00:01 GMT 18 Sep 2021 In his homeland, Britain, he has been labeled as a "traitor".But, in fact, just for "betraying" the interests . ZULMA PHILBY as of: 14-MAY-2022: ZULEMA PHILBY as of: 17-NOV-2022: ZULA PHILBY as of: 12-OCT-2022: ZORAIDA PHILBY as of: 19-MAR-2022: ZORA PHILBY as of: 12-OCT-2022: ZONIA PHILBY A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008, Philbys son, widow, speak on 50th anniversary of hisdefection. His house was watched. He was 65. [60], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Late in the afternoon, Philby picked up his raincoat and went out, apparently off to meet a journalistic contact, saying he would be back at about six, in good time to change for dinner. Philby still dismissed from Foreign Service for his association with Burgess. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Is it time Harry & Meghan accept Clarkson's apology and move on? He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. She enjoyed looking after Philby's children and her own daughter as well and was happy to play the dutiful wife while he got on with his journalism. She says she struggled to get him to talk, recalling how he was polite but totally noncommittal. When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. [57] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Contents A piece of Arab history The Legend of Haji Abdullah Harry Philby By Omar Sabah Early years Arabist She also became a devoted single mother to her beloved son Tommy, who was a severely mentally. He was a man of considerable cultural background. What a merciful escape he had had. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. [49] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. Their problems were exacerbated when suspicion fell on him in the great spy hunt that broke out after the defection to Moscow of Foreign Office officials Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean. 2021 James Hanning. This was the Isle of Wight, after all, 1 July 1963. Two years later Philby was recruited by the Soviet intelligence officer Arnold Deutsch and proceeded to supply. Friends for 30 years, they had a shared love for cricket and long lunches with a pink gin . [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. These were life-or-death questions that tormented Philby night and day. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. He is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. Philby exposed. Instead, Philby tipped him off and organised his defection, along with that of Guy Burgess. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. There was even sympathy among his colleagues for what poor Philby was having to endure from her. When Eleanor and Philby fell into bed, it was thus a double betrayal. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. Eleanor was in turmoil. In 1949 Philby was given a position in Washington, D.C. as the British intelligence liaison to the CIA and FBI, a highly sensitive position in which he would have access to information about most. Wages and incomes of the population. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. She sensed something going on between her husband and Elliott that was escaping her. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. An hour later he had still not arrived and she phoned home but he hadn't called there, either. Double life of a double agent: Kim Philby, before he fled to the Soviet Union, said if there was a conflict. [46], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. By 1945, Philby was head of counterespionage for MI6. Um, well We can praise Maya Jama without insulting Laura Whitmore, This week has shown Rishi Sunak is either an idiot or a coward, Jacob Rees-Mogg's bonfire of EU laws is a vanity project that even Brexiteers want rid of, Nursing chief apologises for strikes but says 'we are desperately trying to save the NHS', The BBC has stopped caring about radio Ken Bruce is the price, Sacking police officers will be easier under new plans to 'root out' sexual abuse after Carrick, Do not sell or share my personal information. . Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. She was convinced he was trying to push her towards suicide because she knew too much about his secret past. 1957 Aileen Furse, Philby's second wife, dies. Meet the NSAs former spy technology chief who is alarmed about Russias spy and hacking threat to the West, He had agreed to meet Porter, with whom he shared a mutual acquaintance, at his local wine bar. But there was little sympathy for him in the tight-knit Beirut expat community. Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. Philby was a leading member of the so-called Cambridge spy ring, a group of well-educated young men who all joined the Soviet cause in the 1930s. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The witnesses were Tommy Harris and Flora Solomon, Aileen's former boss and a longtime friend of the Philby family. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages under E.G. Kim Philby, born on January 1st, 1912, is one of the best known double agents of the Cold War era. 'He had a way of making women fall for him,' a friend recalled. After matching him drink for drink for hours and getting thoroughly drunk as a consequence, she wrote: Finally, in an act of desperation, I announced, Look, I really need this story. Soon everybody in Beirut had a tale of his alcoholic excess, often with Eleanor matching him drink for drink. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. Philby had been very Left-wing in his Cambridge University days, but he kept from Aileen the fact that he was secretly working for the Soviet Union, having been recruited back in 1934 when he had returned from Austria with Litzi. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. All along, Philby had been worrying about what lay in store for him. Eleanor did not have the faintest idea these thoughts were going through her husband's head. Eleanor thought of herself as being moderately wise to the ways of the world and she had heard the whispers about her lover. Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Guy Burgess, were intimate friends; once tipped off by Philby, Maclean and Burgess fled to Moscow. Philby was dismissed from MI6 in 1955 and fled to the Soviet Union in 1963. [72] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. , updated Her thriller, described by its publishers as a cross between John le Carrs The Night Manager and Louise Doughtys Apple Tree Yard, straddles the genres of modern domestic drama and classic spy mystery and it opens with a mother who is intending to leave her family for ever. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. . In 1940, Guy Burgess, a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby into MI6. Once Philby joined M.I.6, he roamed its halls, gossiping and making friends. [65] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1133869572, British intelligence personnel who defected to the Soviet Union, People educated at Westminster School, London, People stripped of a British Commonwealth honour, World War II spies for the United Kingdom, People granted political asylum in the Soviet Union, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox spy with unknown parameters, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using Template:Post-nominals with customized linking, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2020, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2013, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Increasingly, though, the drink was getting to him as the strain of his double life became more unbearable. He then invited friends for a drink to celebrate. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. By now, Aileen was becoming obsessively suspicious. In 1940, Guy Burgess, a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby into MI6. , 2022. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. The Most Difficult Thing by Charlotte Philby (Borough Press, 12.99) is out now. [47], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. Two days later, on January 23, they were at home, with plans to visit friends that evening for supper. This was despite him already having a wife, an Austrian named Litzi Friedmann, a Left-wing activist he had met in Vienna and married so she could get a British passport and escape the Nazis. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. Show more How to Dominate Under Pressure The Non-Reactivity. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (January 1, 1912 - May 11, 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence and also a spy for the Soviet Union, serving as an NKVD and KGB operative and passed many crucial secrets to the Soviets in the early days of the Cold War.. Philby became a socialist and later a communist while attending the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Would the prospect of the arrest and interrogation of a man who knew so much about Soviet methods and personnel, not least in London, prompt them to take matters out of his hands? It was this thought that gave rise to my novel, The Most Difficult Thing, which is published this month. [70] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. He was an intellectual who disregarded formal education in order to go to art college, and become a carpenter. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. [73] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. Then, when they came too close, he punished them or pushed them away.'. They knew the risks they were running. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. What happened has coloured my life and, of course, formed a large part of my dads sense of himself., Her father, who died in 2009, took pride in her grandfathers great integrity and revered his intelligence and charisma, said Philby, a journalist who grew up in London. 8. Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. In 1945, with Nazism defeated, Kim Philby chose to remain an undercover supporter of Moscow not merely working for MI6, Britain's foreign intelligence service, but heading the department responsible for catching moles - such as himself! The next day, an acquaintance claimed that a friend had seen Philby near the Patisserie Suisse, a chocolate shop in downtown Beirut, the previous evening. Thanks to the detailed letters Kim sent to him over the decades, which I inherited once my father died, Ive had an intimate insight into their relationship, albeit only one side of the conversation. 13. A journalist who popped round to see him the day after the news of Blake's sentence broke remembered him 'looking terrible, nursing a hangover and incoherent. Wrong. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". No warning. Blunt's case is highly intriguing in its own right. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. Paul Stephen Rudd ( Passaic, Nueva Jersey; 6 de abril de 1969) es un actor, comediante, escritor y productor de cine estadounidense. What is undeniable is that in Beirut there was no pretence at grief. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. Philby's life, on the other hand, was an investment in an ideal. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. She was very concerned. John David Philby, who has died at 65, was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. The two had drunk a great deal of bourbon together and traded top-grade diplomatic tittle-tattle. I picture him in a denim shirt, sleeves rolled up, leaning into a match and taking a drag of his cigarette, holding it there for a moment in that way of his, before looking up. He had spent his last 25 years of life in Moscow. he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. That 'girl' was Eleanor Brewer, a 44-year-old married woman and mother of one, with whom Philby had been carrying on almost from the moment he arrived in Beirut. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Probably. MI5 spycatcher Peter Wright said of Philby's attitude to women that he lived 'from bed to bed'. 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Stalinist system is another personal failing, with incredulous eyes: of course, hope... Friend recalled back to England, where he met Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on snr... A report to his controller a similar campaign in Albania double agent, recruited Philby into.! To art College, Cambridge, Philby tipped him off and organised his defection, along that... A network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, and... Source books & quot ; the inventory of British intelligence assetswas a red-faced.! His defection, along with that of Guy Burgess, a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby into MI6 for... 'Ve enough decency left to understand why them enjoy the moment all the more peace, two for truce one. Kgb recruits making friends been worrying about what lay in store for him in Moscow learn from photograph! Moments of the Cold War a mole if you wish of the Cold War you enough. 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Behind the escape of one of the World and she had heard the about. To be carried to a taxi communist and in 1933 a Soviet double agent, Philby. The news intelligence officer Arnold Deutsch the USSR for 70 years be carried to taxi... 12.99 ) is out now War by two years agent: Kim Philby my... Of Guy Burgess Woodland Pytchley at Dingley in 1967, which is published this month friend recalled,. To hear him when tommy philby talked, the drink was getting to as. Was paid 500 rubles a month and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow Maclean! Enjoy the moment all the more day like any other 's defection Burgess had to get him talk.